Browsing by Author "Anudu, G.K."

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    Hydro-Geochemical Evaluation of Groundwater Resources From Hand-Dug Wells Around Kakuri And Its Environs, Kaduna State, Northcentral Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2011-01-06) Anudu, G.K.; Obrike, Stephen E.; Onuba, L.N.; Ikpokonte, A.E.
    The paper evaluates the quality and usability of groundwater from hand-dug wells in Kakuri and its environs. A total of fifteen (15) water samples were analysed for their physical and chemical parameters. Results of the study show that 2+ 2+ + the cationic and anionic concentrations vary as follow: Ca (2.4 - 11.0 mg/l), Mg (0.5 - 2.6 mg/l), Na (0.7 - 5.4 + 2+ - - 2- mg/l), K (2.2 - 6.3 mg/l), Fe (0.03 - 0.10 mg/l), HCO (78.2 - 281.5 mg/l), Cl (8.8 - 62.2 mg/l), SO (3.9 -11.2 3 4 - mg/l) and NO3 (1.9 - 9.1 mg/l). Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium ratio (ESR) values range from 0.00 to 1.680 meq/l, 62.37 to 119.43 µS/cm, 0.010 to 0.707, and 0.132 to 0.715, respectively. The study reveals that the waters are slightly acidic (5.70 =pH= 6.40), soft (9.29 = TH = 38.17 mg/l), fresh (109.6 = TDS = 192.9 mg/l), have low salinity hazard (SH) and belong to four water types, namely: Ca-Na-HCO , Ca-K-HCO , Mg-Ca-HCO , and Na-K- HCO . Statistical correlation analysis 3 3 3 3 shows that there is a strong positive correlation between most parameters. All the analysed parameters with the exception of pH were within the WHO (2006) standards for drinking water. These waters are considered to be suitable for drinking, domestic and agricultural purposes.
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    Hydro-Geophysical Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Aquifer Vulnerability of the Turonian Makurdi Formation in North Bank area, Makurdi, Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2022-01-01) Obrike, Stephen E.; Baba, Adama Oleka; Ojuola, B.S.; Anudu, G.K.; Kana, M.A.; Iliya, M.M.
    Electrical resistivity investigation was carried out in North Bank and its environs in Makurdi, Benue State, with a view to determining the depth to aquifer, aquifer thickmess, groundwater potential of the area and aquifer vulnerability. Twenty-one (21) Vertical electrical sounding (VES) was carried out using the Schlumberger electrode array with the aid of ABEM Terrameter (SAS 3000C) with maximum electrode spacing of 200m. The VES data obtained were interpreted using partial curve matching approach and modelled using WinResist software. Modelled field curves reveal essentially three to four geo-elcetrical layers and two main aquiferous zones corresponding to the upper silty-sandstone and lower medium to coarse grained felspathic sandstones of the Makurdi Formation. The upper silty-sandstone aquifer is characterized by low to moderate resistivity value distribution (37 - 2039 ohm-m) with layer thickness in the range of 3m to 15m. Computed hydraulic and geo-electric characteristics (Zarrouk parameters, hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity) depicts it as unconfined, vulnerable to infiltrating surface 2 -1 2 -1 contaminants, with low groundwater potential (0.63 m day < T 199.65 m day ) and only suitable for small community water supply projects and private consumption. The lower felspathic sandstone aquifer is characterized by relatively thicker sequence of aquiferous materials (3m – 54m). The aquiferous zone is generally unconfined to 2 -1 2 -1 semi-confined in nature, with groundwater potential (30.96 m day < T ≤ 542.73 m day ) seen to be largely moderate. The aquifer is deemed suitable for industrial, irrigational and municipal water supply purposes
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    Hydrochemical Investigation of Groundwater Around Sharuwa, Bauchi State, Northcentral Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2011-12-12) Anudu, G.K.; Adeyeke, J.I.D.; Essien, B.I.; Obrike, Stephen E.
    The study involves the hydrochemical characterisation of groundwater from hand-dug wells within Sharuwa and its environs in order to ascertain the water chemistry and its suitability for human consumption, domestic and agricultural purposes. Results show that the waters are slightly acidic to slightly alkaline (5.70 = pH = 7.70), hard to very hard (124.7 = TH= 256 mg/l), fresh (210 = TDS = 380 mg/l) and characterised by electrical conductivity(EC) values between 30 to 2000 µS/cm as well as low sodium absorption ratio (0.061 = SAR = 0.646). Major cations and 2+ 2+ + + anions range as follows: Ca (21.0 46.0 mg/l), Mg (16.0 35.0 mg/l), Na (1.8 21.5 mg/l), K (4.5 23.5 mg/l), Fe - 2- - (1.11 3.88 mg/l), HCO (27.2 113.2 mg/l), SO (7.2 28.2 mg/l), Cl (0.06 2.2 mg/l. Values obtained for some trace 3 4 metals are as follows: Pb (0.65 4.18 mg/l) and Cu (1.16 3.33 mg/l). All the analysed parameters with exception of Fe, Pb, Cu were observed to be within the WHO (2006) standards for drinking water. Piper trilinear and Stiff diagrams show that sixty percent (60%) of the waters fall within the normal earth alkaline water type, while the remaining forty percent (40%) belongs to the alkaline earth water with higher alkaline proportion type. These waters have acquired their chemistry from the bedrock, cation exchange reaction and precipitation. They are considered to be suitable for drinking (when treated for these trace elements by the addition of coagulants and the use of reverse osmosis), domestic and agricultural purposes.
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    NITRATE CONCENTRATION AND GROUNDWATER VENERABILITY IN TYPICAL SHALLOW BASEMENT AQUIFERS AROUND KEFFI AREA, NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2011-11-06) Obrike, Stephen E.; Anudu, G.K.; Iyakwari, Shekwoyandu; Nghargbu, K.; Osadebe, C.C.
    Keffi 414 environs is characterized لا near surface outcrops o f underlying basement rocks and s h a lli overburden thickness.The study assessed tire potential ofnitrate-nitrogen (NOj-N) contamination o f surface and groundwater within the study area. Thirty-two groundwater samples and four stream samples were collected from different locations across the study area and analysed for their NO٢N concentration. Groundwater sampling were restricted to well-covered shallow hand-dug wells SHW}, medium depth hand pumps (MHP) and motorised boreholes (DMBH). In all the groundwater samplesanalysed,12.5°/oofthemexhibitedN03-Ncontentshigherthan O h g L 1 and 60% o f the samples collectedfrom the agricultural fields contained N o ٢N higher than 0 .05mgL؛ in contrast to 20% of samples from residential areas. Results also revealed an inverse relationship between the NOj-N concentrations and the depth o f the sampling aquifers (SHW>MHP>DMBH). All of the analysed samples contained NO3-N load 1656 than thefixed threshold limit by WHO (2006١ for drinkingpurposes of below lOmgi;1, thus, rendering the waters safe for drinking purposes.
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    Physico - Chemical Quality of Ground Water from Shallow Wells in Galambi and Environs, Bauchi State, Northern Nigeria
    (Department of Geology and Minning, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2007-03-03) Essien, Queen Ekenem; Anudu, G.K.; Baba, Adama Oleka; Ikpokonte, A.E.
    Physico-chemical characteristics of ground water from shallow wells in Galambi and its environ in Bauchi State, Northern Nigeria, were evaluated. A total off ifteen shallow well water samples were randomly collected and analyzed for an assessment of its potability and suitability for domestic purposes. Results obtained indicate that the ground water is slightly acidic to moderately alkaline (5.70< PH <8. JO), hard to very hard, (124.7 - 256 mg/1), colourless, and odorless. Conductivity, HCOj2', CO2', NO32', SO2', and PO4' are generally within WHO permissible levels for potable water. However, heavy metals like copper, iron, and lead are of higher concentrations than WHO standards for drinking water. Consequently, relevant treatment procedures are strongly recommended to reduce concentrations of Fe, Cu and Pb in the water so as to minimize the risks/concerns that they may pose to human health within and around the study area. The plot of the average constituents of the ground water in a Piper Trilinear diagram shows that the water is potable and can be classified as .alkaline earth water type with higher alkaline proportion (Ca- Mg -Na) and predominantly HCO3 water, as well as normal alkaline earth water type (Ca- Mg) with predominantly HCO3' water.