NSUK Repository :: Browsing by Author "Andrew, Yako B."

Browsing by Author "Andrew, Yako B."

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Open Access
ABUNDANCE OF MOSQUITOES OF SOME SELECTED AREAS ON THE JOS PLATEAU, NIGERIA
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-04-14) Andrew, Yako B.; Anyanwu, G.I.; Ogo, N.I.; Auta, K.I
Mosquitoes generally are pests, and their bites make life unbearable and uncomfortable,;. present case study suggests that larger water holdings in and around our homes lead to an increase stages of larval‘development. Some species of mosquitoes described and identified thus, include; Culex annidioris, Ctilex,pipients fatigansj Aedes aedimorphus cuunwiini; Aedes aedi/nerphus domesticus, Anopheles moucheti, and Anopheles funesUts complex.. I wo tribes of mosquitoes: The Anophilis which arc vectors of human malaria and culicini of bird malaria • . as well their medical importance, are being discussed. Others are known today as dangerous vectors. The. //lain , difference being a simple feature of lliuir behaviour whether or not they-bile map i.e. anthropopldlic or animals i.c. ■ zoophilia Ho wever, there was no mean difference, in the distribution of mosquitoes specie in selected areas on the ./ox Plateau given that P<4.-26 (ANOVA~P<95 critical value) and there was a mean difference in the total . population of mosquitoes, collected in various pools in selected areas on l{le Jos Plateau given that P>3.6S iANOVA~P>95 critical value).
Open Access
Anti-microbial properties of the ethanolic extracts of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on Escherichia,,coli and Pseudomonas Ereuginosa
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2011-04-26) Auta, K.I,; Galadima, A.A,; Bassey, J.U,; Olowoniyi, O.D,; Moses, O.O,; Andrew, Yako B.
The antimicrobial properties of various extract of Zingiber officinale (ginger) against- Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are common causes of gastrointestinal track infection were investigated using (he Agar and tube diffusion method. The result obtained revealed lhal eihorolic extract of ginger gave the widest, zone of inhibition against one out of the two test organisms at the con centra lion of 20mg/ml. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was. more sensitive to the extract, ft was also observed that the solvent of extraction and its varying concentrations affected the sensitivity of the.two test organisms to the plant extract, showing that ginger has antimicrobial activities on die test organisms due to its inhibitory .effect thus confirming its use in folk medicine.
Open Access
CD4+ count AIDS patient infected, with pathogenic microsporidiosis in Benue State, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-09-12) Andrew, Yako B.; Duhlinska, D.D.; Molta, N.B.; Omalu, I.C.J.
Pathogenic microsporidian was established among 96 AIDS-infected individuals where 966,42 (2.1%) males were confirmed positive with CD4+ count less than <335 cell/mm3 and-in the female category 1,042,54 (5.7%) had infection with CD4+ count less than <420 cell/mm3 at the first CD4+ count. Because of the pathogenic strain of microsporidiosis, diarrhoea was observed alongside other clinical symptoms at the second CD4+ count after 90 days, among the age of . 30-39 years old, the CD4+ count gradually droped to less than <200 cell/mm3 indicating high risk, of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and opportunistic infection established. However, there was no significant relationship among sexes given that, Z=1.039 <± 1.96 in other words, microsporidian was depended on age which shows a very close significant relationship among age groups (p- 815 > 0.05).
Open Access
CO-INFECTION OF THYPHOID FEVER AND MALARIA AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING YOLA SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, ADAMAWA STATE-NIGERIA
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2014-04-20) Chessed, G.; Andrew, Yako B.; Danailu, G.
Malaria and typhoid fevers are major scourges that people suffer from in tropical countries. Both infections have similar symptoms, requiring accurate and careful laboratory diagnosis for effective treatment. A total of 180 blood samples were randomly collected from patients attending Specialist Hospital Yola, with the clinical symptoms for malaria and S. vyphi and examined for malaria and S. Typhi infection. One hundred and thirty.> one (72.8%), were positive for malaria, males (20.56%) while females (52.22%). Sixty.f eight. (5.3.3%) were positive for S. Typhi, males (16.11%)), while females (53.3%). X2 analysis showed no significant relationship between malaria and typhoid in relation to age and sex. (P—0.05, —12.592. X2cal —0.824 and P—0.05. =3.84X2cal = 1.29 respectively). There was high (37,8%)) co-infection with malaria and Salmonella, among patients. The incidence of malaria and typhoid fever co-infection will greatly reduce ' if blood culture is used in the diagnosis of typhoid in malaria endemic regions.
Open Access
Concentration of Heavy Metals In Soil around Dumpsites in Jimeta and Ngurore, Adamawa State, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2018-03-19) Chessed, G.; Sakiyo, D.C,; Andrew, Yako B.
Rapid urbanization and industrialization in developing countries have been associated with production and deposition of hazardous wastes in the soil environments. Heavy metals arc major components of these wastes and have been implicated in several metal-related diseases and food poisoning in man: This study examined the concentration of Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), and Cadmium (Cd) heavy metals in soil near dumpsites of.fimcla and Ngurore, Yola North Local Government Areas (LG As), Adamawa State. Soil samples from 0-20cm layer depth were collected in triplicates and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results reveal that Fe, Pb, Cu and Chromium were detected, while Cadmium was found to be below the limit of detection. 'The mean concentration of the exchangeable cation in. mg/lcg in soil at Jirneta sites were: Fe (3 1.4 mn/kg) >Pb (0.92 mg/kg) > Cu (0.34 ing/lcg) > Cr (0.11 mg/kg) >Cd (below limit of detection), while the mean concentration of the heavy metals in soil at Ngurore sites were: Fe (32 mg/kg) >Pb (0.83 mg/kg) > Cu (0.28 mg/kg) > Cr (0.07 mg/leg) >Cd (below limit of detection), respectively. Iron (Fe) was the most abundant element in both sites, followed by Pb. Heavy metal concentrations in soil followed the order ofFe>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd, respectively. The paired T-tcst analyses for concentration of Cr, Fe, and Pb in soil near the two dumpsites show that there were statistically significant differences in the concentration levels of Cr, Fc, and Pb, while Cu showed no statistically significant difference between the two dumpsites. However, all the metals detected were below die permissible limit of WHO international standard with the exception of Pb whose concentration was above maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Persistent heavy metals accumulation in soils near these dumpsites may lead to increase uptake by vegetables grown near thedumpsites and this may pose a threat to its quality and safely and ultimately human health. The need to replace open dumpsites with well-designed landfills is advised.
Open Access
Coprological Detection of Bovine FascOjjlosis in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
(Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty Of Education, Nasarawa State University, keffi., 2019-03-20) Abubakar, Z.,; Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Tonglura, J.D.C,; Amuga, G.A.; Andrew, Yako B.
Bovine Fasciolosis is a vector - bom.e zoonosis and one of the most neglected tropical diseases that cause huge economic losses and poor animal conditions in Nigeria. The prevalence of Fasciolosis in Cattle slaughtered in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja was investigated. Faecal samples were collected from the cattle antemortem and analysed using copro ELISA test-kits and gross lesions were inspected at postmortem. Out of one hundred and eighty six (186) faecal samples analysed, over-all prevalence was 98(52.7%). From each abattoir was 38 (38.8%), 36 (36.7%) and 24 (24.5%) at Karu, Dei-Dei and Gwagwalada abattoirs respectively. Based on body condition scoring, infection rates were 39 (58.2%), 45 (58.4%) and 20 (47.6%) from cattle with poor, moderate and good body conditions accordingly. Males had a higher prevalence rate of 48 (50%) than females with 40 (44.4%). Based on the breed of cattle, infection rate of the diseases was 41 (66.1%), 39 (62.9%) and 20 (32.3%) in White fulani, Sokotogudali and Red bororo accordingly. Out of 186 cattle inspected at postmortem, 47 livers were condemned totally due to the presence of liver flukes (Fasciola species) in the hepatic parenchyma, fluke tracts, livers were friable and chirrotic. This led to an estimated loss of about three million, one hundred and two thousand naira (3,102,000.00). There was no statistically significant association between the infection and breed, sex and body condition score (p>0.05). Treatment of all cattle with an effective flukicides, vector control, enlightening of cattle farmers for proper intervention against fasciolosis are recommend
Open Access
Coprologlcal Detection of Bovine Fasclolosls In Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2019-05-05) Abubakar, Z.; Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Tongjura, J.D.C.; Amuga, G.A.; Andrew, Yako B.
Open Access
Cryptosporidium:
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2015-04-15) Andrew, Yako B.; Bolade, I.A; Chessed, G.; Katuka, G.; Hassan, SC.
The prevalence of Cryptosporidium parv-um ill people infected'with IUV/AIDS at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi was an infection in relation to sex and age of the immunocompromised patients. 200 stools were diagnosed and analyzed from patients infected with HIV within 1‘A hrs after collection. The pathogenic C. parvnm was diagnosed using a inodified-acid-fnst (Zichl-Nclson) given that C. parvumlins been known to be difficult to characterized using standard microbiological techniques. Here, 29 (14.5%) cases were positive with C. parvinn, 14(7.0%) were found to contain mucous in the stool texture, 20 (10.0%) were however, (liprrhoeic and 4 (2.0%) cases both contained mucous and diarrhoeic in texture. Also in the males 4 ■ (11.1%) were j)osilivc with C. pa rvu moo cysts, higher in the females. 25 (15.3%), cases .were found positively significant iii relation to sexes (X2 = Q.577<0.05). among the ages of 20 - 39 years as sexually active group were high with C. parvumoocysts with significant 'difference among the age groups (X2=0.768<0.05). However, C. parvumremnins a major clinical problem in patients living with HIV infection and suggests here that, routine stool examination will significantly; benefit immunocompromised patients by reducing high morbidity and mortality rate.thereby improving the quality of life
Open Access
DETERIORATION OF CD4 T-CELLS IN HIV/AIDS INDIVIDUALS INFECTED WITH PATHOGENIC MICROSPORIDIUM IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA.
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2013-05-13) Andrew, Yako B.; Ajayi, J.A,; Makpo, James Kpuk; Auta, K.I.
Preliminary survey in Benue State shows that 96 HIV/AIDS individuals were infected with pathogenic microsporidium. 966, 42 (4.3%) males CD., T-cells count were <335 cell/pl, and in the female category 1042, 54 (5.2%) CDj T-celis were <320 cell/pl at the first C04 pathogenic microsporidium in M1V/A1DS individuals was observed as a leading-cause of diarrhea, and a fall in the CD4 T-cells count after 90 days • of re-evaluation. Among the age group of 30-39 years, the CD4 cells count gradually deteriorate to <200 cell/pl indicating high risk to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and opportunistic• infections. However, there was a significant relationship among sexes given that, Z=1.039<±1.96 in other words, microsporidium was solely depended on age which shows no significant relationship among the age groups count. The strain of ; (x2=7.815>0.05).
Open Access
Effect of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods on Blood Serum and Immune Activation of HIV Infected Patients in Abuja, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2015-02-02) Nweze, C.C.; Andrew, Yako B.; Uzoukwu, A.E.; Rasaq, N.O.
Oxidative .stress induced 'by free radicals (Reactive Oxygen species ) during Human Immunodeficiency Virus.(HIV) infection impairs immune functions through the destruction of cluster of differentiation antigen 4 (CD4H-), causes more rapid disease progression, cell death je.g. blood cells, increase viral replication and increase requirements for dietary antipxidanfsuch'as B-carptene, Vitamin C and E respectively. These dietary requirements reduce oxidative stress and are very important especially in HIV/AIDS infected individuals. They can be found as finished antioxidants extracts called nutraceuticals (N) or as natural forms called functional foods # * i 9 (Fruits and Vegetables) (F). This study investigates the effects of antioxidants supplementation (both nutraceutical and functional food) on some hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, PLT, . PCV, HB, etc) and the .lipid of some HIV infected individuals. The result obtained showed thaf. - the dietary antioxidant supplementation brought about a significant increase (p<0.05) in] the hematological .parameters and the lipid-profile of the test groups compared to the control. This show that dietary antioxidant supplementation may reduce the progression of HIV through the reduction of oxidative stress as evident in the increased CD4 levels of the test groups. .
Open Access
Enteric Protozoonoses among HIV/AIDS Patients at Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Keffi, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State, University Keffi, 2017-12-12) Andrew, Yako B.; Agugua, O.; Chessed, G.; Auta, K.L.
Open Access
AN EPIDEMIC OF COCCIDIOSIS IN CHICKENS SOLD IN KEFFI CENTRAL MARKET, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2016-12-16) Andrew, Yako B.; Nweze, C.C.; Ogunnu, F.J.; Chessed, G.
The epidemics of coccidiosis in chickens were confined to Keffi central market of Nasarawa State. Species of Rimeria occurring in 250 stool sampled were examined using floatation method and 90(36%) were found • infected, with eight different species of Eimeria. The highest infection was recorded in Eimerici mitis 28(11%); with the least in E. tenella 1 (0.0%) amoftg the hybrid breeds of chicken. The different species of Eimeria were ' present in and among various breeds. In species predominance, shows the level of immunity of various breeds •' ’ ol chicken against the different species of Eimeria, though, there was no significant relevance in the spread of Eimeriasis among the hybrid and local breeds of chicken sold at Keffi central market (%2=102.40>S-99) at 5% \ level of significance. However, farmers should ensure adequate safety standards and maintained tie relative spread of Eimeria infection of chickens which are detrimental to man.
Open Access
Family Eimeridae:
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-04-20) Andrew, Yako B.; Nweze, C.C.; Ogunnu, F.J.; Chessed, G.
The epidemics ofcoccidiosis in chickens were confined to Keffi central market of Nasarawa State. Species of Eimeria occurring in 250 stool sampled were examined using floatation method and 90(36%) were found infected with eight different species of Eimeria. The highest infection was recorded in Eimeria mitis 28(11%) with the least in E. tenella 1(0.0%) among the hybrid breeds of chicken. The different species of Eimeria were present in and among various breeds. In species predominance, Shows the level of immunity of various breeds of chicken against the different species of Eimeria, though, there was no significant relevance in the spread of Eimeriasis among the hybrid and local breeds of chicken sold at Keffi central market IQ-? 40>5.99) at 5% level of significance. However, farmers" should ensure adequate safety standards and ' tainted the relative spread of Eimeria infection of chickens which are detrimental to man.
Open Access
First detection of intestinal microsporidia in Northern Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2005-07-16) Omalu, ICJ; Andrew, Yako B.; Duhlinska, D.D; Anyanwu, G.I.; Pam, V.A.; Inyama, P.U.
Microsporidia are intracellular spore-forming protozoa that are increasingly being recognized as pathogens in humans. Faecal samples were taken from 2250 HIV/AIEpS and 1050 HIV-negative patients from Kano and Makurdi in Northern Nigeria,, and were investigated' for mjcrosporidial infections by Giemsa staining i technique (Ljght microscopy) In Kano Enterocytozoon blenuesi was detected ip 8 (14-.17%) and Encephalltozoon intestinalis in 5 (2.60%) out of 192 HIV/AIDS patients screened. A mixed infection of both 0.52% was observed. \ ' • Results from Makurdi showed that Enterocytozoon bienuesi w,as detected in 13 (0.65%) and Enc^phalitozoon Intestinalis in 9.6 (4.78%) out of 2008. HIV/AIDS • patients examined. No mixed Infection was observed. Microsporidiai. spores were not found in 1050 HIV-negative patients screened from both, qreas. There was e significant difference (X2, p<0.05) in Infection rates between the HIV/AIDS and HIV-negative patients* This-study aimed at detecting the prevalence of intestinal mlcrosporldia to provide baseline data on the status of this disease In Nigeria. Detection of Microsporidia in Immuno-cortipromlsed patients- has not been described previously in this area.
Open Access
Gastro Intestinal Helminths Of Pigs Slaughtered At The Jos Abattoir, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2006-04-20) Andrew, Yako B.; Duhlinska, D.D; Imandeh, N.G.
A Carcial Case Study Was Carried Out On The Gastro - Intestinal Helminths Of Pigs Slaughtered In The Jos Abattoir.
Open Access
HELMINTHOSIS AND INTESTINAL PROTOZOANS AMONG HIV/AIDS INDIVIDUALS IN JOS COMMUNITY, NIGERIA
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2003-09-03) Andrew, Yako B.; Duhlinska, D.D; Omalu, I.C.J.
A careful Case Study Was Carried Out On Helminthosis And Intestinal Protozoans Among 800 Individuals With Defined HIV Seropositive And Were Examined With The Following Parasitic Ova And Oocysts Which Were Recovered From Their Facial Matter:
Open Access
HELMINTHS OF THE GASTROINTESTIN AL TRACT OF PIGEON (Gallus gallus domesticus) COMMERCIALLY BRED IN KEFFI, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2014-06-07) Banyigyi, A H.,; Makpo, James Kpuk; Andrew, Yako B.; Ombugadu, Ruth Jamila; Echem, O.H.
The ethno prevalence of Gallus gallus domesticus which belong to the order Galliforms of the avian class is highly bred in commercial terms in the study area. One hundred and twenty (120) gastrointestinal tract contents were subjected to parasitological examination to investigate the occurrence of the helminthes parasite in chickens bred in Keffi. 78 (65%) were generally infected with the helminthes parasites while 42(35%) were not infected. A total of 1,023 parasites were isolated represented by 976(95.4%) cestodes and 47(4.6%) nematodes. Six (6) species of cestodes which include, Raillietina tetragona 715(69.9%), R. echinobothrida 95(9.3%), R. cestillus 85(8.3%), R. magninwnide 11(1.1%), Hymenolepis carioca 55(5.38%) and Choanataenia infundibulum 15(1.5%) were recovered. Three (3) species of nematodes were recovered represented by Ascaridia galli 35(3.4%), A. columbae 7(0.7%) and Heterakis gallinarum 5(0.5%). There was a significant difference (P>0.01) in infections in relation to sex. Domestic chickens are predisposed to parasitic infections because of their feeding habits. Efforts should be geared toward regularly deworming them.
Open Access
Immune prolile of HIV+with microsporidium and Hepatitis-B in Benue State, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi., 2011-04-11) Andrew, Yako B.; Ajayi, J.A,; Makpo, James Kpuk; Auta, K.I,; Nweze, C.C,; Banyigyi, H.A
Survey was focused exclusively on human excreta and sera for microsporidium and hepatitis- B.The immune profile was determined ofHIV-Y individuals in Benue State. Intestinal epithelium was the most prevalent site of human microsporidium infection, 54 (4:2%) were infected in both ' sexes. Enterocylozoon bieneusi was most prevalent in Makiirdi with no significant relevance in the spread of microsporidium species among a cohort population study (r=0.79 >0.60, df-9). Urinary tract microsporidiosis appears in 31(2.4%)) patients• with Encephalitozoon cuniculi although, many-persons during these findings do not have symptoms referable to the urogenital route and 9(1:3%) were HBsAg-V with no significant difference since r-0.76>0.75, df-6. Stools were loose to watery and co- infected with laboratory evidence for intestinal microsporidium in 1(0.5%) with T-cells < 80 cell7pi. However, sexual transmission of microsporidiosis cannot be excluded. Therefore, the clinical spectrum of the disease should be tied to thorough laboratory investigation and strict hygienic condition should be maintained.
Open Access
Immune Status Of Cd4 T- Cells In Hiv/Aids With Pathogenic Microsporidium In Benue State, Nigeria
(Department of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2011-03-01) Andrew, Yako B.; Ajayi, J.A.,; Lar, P.,; Makpo, James Kpuk; Auta, K.I.,; Yako, J.B.,; Banyigyi, A.H.; Nweze, C.c.,
The organism (Microsporidium) and improved diagnostic approaches In Nigeria Is increasingly common. Coated latex spheres of CD4 T- Cells Was Used To Determine HIV/AIDS individuals as A Preliminary Survey In Benue State Which Shows That 96 HIV/AIDS individuals were infected with pathogenic microsporidium. 966, 42 (4.3%) males CD4 T-cells count were <335 cell/pi, and in the female category 1042, 54 (5.2%) CD4 Tcells weie <320 cell/pi at the first CD4 count. The strain of pathogenic microsporidium in HIV/AIDS individuals was observed as a leading cause of diarrhea, and a fall in the CD4 T-cells count after 90 days of re-evaluation. Among the age group of 30-39 years, the CD4 cells count gradually decline to <200 cell/pi indicating high risk to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and opportunistic infections. However, there was a significant difference among sexes given that, Z=1.039<±1.96 in other words, microsporidium solely depended on age which shows no significant relationship among the age groups (x2=7.815>0.05).
Open Access
Immune Status of HIV/AIDS Patients with Hepatitis B Virus in Benue State, Nigeria
(Department Of Zoology, Faculty Of Natural And Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2011-04-11) Andrew, Yako B.; Ajayi, J.A.; Makpo, J.K.; Lar, P.; Auta, K.I.; Yako, J.B.; Banyigyi, H.A.
The CD4 counts of HIV positive individuals witli hepatitis B surface antigen was a factor used to determine the immune status among infectecjhndividuals in Benue state. Total 966 males infected with HIV, 15 (1.55%) were positives for HbsAg-fwith CD4 counts <335 cell pL“' and in die female category, 10 (0.95%) of 1042 weie positive foi HbsAg-r with die CD4+ counts <420 at die initial CD4 cells counts. According to age, individuals aged between 30 and 39 years were positive for HbsAg+ with'their CD4 counts <;335 cell pL"'. The least in terms ot HbsAg-h carriage (0,34%) were those k50 years whose CD4 read <224 cell pL~l. After an interval of 6 months, die CD4 level declined' to <100 cell pL~'. However, tliere was a significant relationship in the degree of infection among sexes (Z = 0.40<3=1.96). HbsAg+ carriage rate was dependent on age (x2 = 7.82<0.05).