NSUK Repository :: Browsing by Author "Ajayi, Folorunso A."

Browsing by Author "Ajayi, Folorunso A."

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Open Access
10th Inaugural Lecture: Insects, Plants and Humanity, The Organic Agriculture and Stored Products Protection Axis
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2016-03-01) Ajayi, Folorunso A.
Open Access
Accessibility of Women to Productive Resources in Farm-Households of Kaduna state, Nigeria
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2009-10-10) Rahman, S.A.; Ajayi, Folorunso A.
Women in Nigeria form an labour force contributing about 80 per cent of agricultural labour, but / لا own tbe means of production. لا ه are the key human resources in farm production. This study examines the accessibility of women to farm resources in farm households in two geographical regions of Kaduna State in Northern Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used in the selection of a sample of 240farm households. Ordinary least squares O S } regression model was used in analysing the data that were collected through interview schedule. It was obserued that women who were less in farm decision making had low accessibility to productive resources compared to those who were more involved in the farm decisions. The included in the regression model explained 51 and 58 per cent of variation in the rate of women accessibility to farm resources in northern and southern parts of Kaduna State respectively .
Open Access
BIO-ACTIVITY OF THREE ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTED FROM EDIBLE SEEDS ON THE RUST-RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (HERBST.) INFESTING STORED PEARL MILLET.
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2011-01-01) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Olomisakin, A.
The ovicidal, repellent and toxic activities of three essential oils extracted from clove, Syzgium aromaticum (L.) Merril and Percy; West African black pepper (WABP), Piper guineense Schum and Thonn. and Ethiopian pepper, Xylopia aethiopica (Dunn) A. Rich were evaluated against the rust-red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) under laboratory conditions (20 – 39OC; 41 – 58% RH). Five pairs of 2- to 3- day old adult T. castaneum were allowed to oviposit for 20 days on 20 g of 20% broken pearl millet grain contained in 50 ml glass jar with a lid. After 20 days, all dead and live insects were removed from the jars. Thereafter, four rates (0.75, 1.50, 2.25 and 3.00 mg) of each essential oil carried in 2 ml analytical grade acetone were used to treat the seeds and progeny emergence was recorded for three generations. The same rates of essential oil as described above were assayed against thirty larvae and adults T. castaneum as repellant on a 30 cm3 Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The number of insects repelled on both treated and untreated half discs of filter paper was recorded after 30 min. Both the ovicidal and repellent treatment were set up in a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement and replicated three times. In the toxicity study 30 unsexed adults and larvae of T. castaneum were treated with the same rates of essential oils carried in 2 ml analytical grade acetone and admixed with 20 g of 20% broken grain in a 50 ml glass jar with a lid. Adult and larval mortality was taken 24 h after and results were subjected to probit analysis. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design replicated three times. All the control batches were treated with 2 ml of pure analytical grade acetone alone. The three essential oils were able to reduce progeny emergence of T. castaneum significantly than in the control treatments. Higher number of adults emerged in Ethiopian pepper than in clove and WABP. There was however no significant difference (p≥0.05) between clove and WABP. The efficacy of the dosage rate was dose dependent as less number of adults emerged in higher concentration than in lower concentrations. The three essential oils evoked classes II - V repellency rates. There was no significant difference (p≥0.05) between the three oils, but the dosage rates were statistically different (p≤0.05) from each other. Values for repellency test against adult T. castaneum ranged for clove oil between 83.20 – 99.62%, WABP 88.50 – 99.62% and Ethiopian pepper 91.70 – 97.70%; while in the case of repellency for larva, 61 -100% for clove; 25.60 – 100% for WABP and 40.50 – 86.30% for Ethiopian pepper. In the toxicity test, the entire essential oil caused 100% mortality of both adult and larva of T. castaneum albeit at higher dosage rates. The LC50 for clove was 0.40 (adults), 0.46 (larvae); WABP 0.21 (adults), 0.54 (larvae) and Ethiopian pepper 1.78 (adults), 0.67 (larvae)/ 20 g seed.
Open Access
COMPARATIVE BIO-ACTIVITY OF SOME EDIBLE SPICE POWDERS IN THE CONTROL OF THE MAIZE STORAGE WEEVIL (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch)
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2013-03-03) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Isaac, Ogara M.
Five edible plant product powders (EPPP), West African black pepper (WABP) (Piper guineense Schum and Thonn.), clove (Syzgium aromaticum (L.) Merril & Percy), Ethiopian pepper (Xylopia aethiopica (Dunn) A. Rich), Alligator pepper (Aframomum melegueta Schum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), were studied for their acute toxicity and effectiveness in repelling, acute toxicity, oviposition and progeny emergence suppression of Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch) activities at the rate of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/10g maize seeds. The experiment was carried out as treatments before infestation (TBI) and treatment after infestation (TAI), in the laboratory under ambient temperature and relative humidity. All the dosage rates tested evoked repellency class of III and IV in all the (EPPP) treatments, while the control evoked class II. The results of the acute toxicity showed that all the EPPP can cause mortality of S. zeamais albeit at low dosage rates. Thus, the EPPP can be ranked in order of toxicity as WABP > Clove > Ginger > Alligator pepper > Ethiopian pepper. All the plant product powders significantly (P< 0.05) reduced oviposition by S. zeamais when tested as treatment before infestation, compared with control treatments. P. guineense and S. aromaticum at all dosage rates completely inhibited progeny emergence. The activities of A. melegueta, X. aethiopica and Z. officinale were dose dependant in reducing progeny emergence (P< 0.05). In the case of treatment after infestation progeny, emergence was least in treatments with WABP, clove and Ethiopian pepper. There were however, significant differences (P<0.05) between the EPPP and the control treatment at all dosage rates. The potential effectiveness of all the EPPP implies that stored maize could be adequately protected against S. zeamais thus reducing infestation.
Open Access
COMPARATIVE BIO-ACTIVITY OF SOME EDIBLE SPICE POWDERS IN THE CONTROL OF THE MAIZE WEEVIL (SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS MOTSCH) INFESTING STORED MAIZE IN LAFIA, NIGERIA
(Enterpreneurship Department, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2013-01-02) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Ogara, Isaac M.
Open Access
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF EXTRACTION SOLVENTS ON THE PERSISTENCE AND ACUTE TOXICITY OF SEED EXTRACTS AGAINST COWPEA BRUCHID CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.)
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 1996-03-03) Lale, N.E.S.; Ajayi, Folorunso A.
’,'lie,comparative ؛'.fleets of « نسا organic (acetone, mell anol and ethanol) aniil one poll،' (water) extraction .solvents on the persistence'and acute toxicity of seed extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), hemp {Cannabis saliva L.) and guna melon (Citrullus colocynthis Schrad) against the cowpea bruchid, Callasobruchus maculatus (F.) were studied under laboratory conditions (30.2 - 4O.6٠C and 10-66% R.H.), For the determination of (he persistent effect of the extracts, four batches of 10 g of cowpea seeds were each treated with either 0.5 ml ()ا ؛malytical grade of acetone containing 200 mg of ettch of the seed oils obtained with the organic solvents or 0.5 ml of the aqueous extract in glass vials into which 4 and 2 four-day old female and male bruchids, respectively, were later introduced. The ،lumber of eggs laid in each batch of cowpe؛،. seeds and the number of adults that emerged in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd generations were counted thereafter. The toxicity test consisted of admixing 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg of the oils obtained with each organic solvent with 10 g of cowpea seeds in glass vials into which 50 four-day old, unsexed bruchids were introduced. Bruchid mortality was recorded 24 h after treatment. Significantly fewer numbers of eggs were laid especially in the batches treated with extracts obtained with the organic solvents than in the check batches. Significantly higher numbers of adult bruchids emerged in check batches than in treated batches in the first generation. However, acetonic extract of the plant seeds was significantly more effective in reducing oviposition and adult emergence than methanolic, ethanolic or aqueous extracts and the methanolic and ethanolic extracts were significantly more effective than the aqueous extract. The ethanolic extract of hemp seeds was sdperior to methanolic extract of this plant seed in reducing oviposition and adult emergence in the first'generation of the bruchids. No adult bruchid emerged in batches of cowpea seeds treated with the seed oils obtained with the'organic solvents in the 2nd and 3rd generations of the bruchids. The overall effect of the organic solvents oh the’ acute toxicity of the seed extracts to adult c. ■ maculatus was less pronounced. However, acetonic extract with a mean IC of 117 rg/10 g seed was the most toxic, followed in a decreasing order of toxicity by methanolic extract (LC» - 121 mg/10 g seed) and ethanolic extract (LC^) = 135 mg/10 g 'seed). Across the organic solvents, neem seed oil was the most toxic ( 77 - مت mg/1.0 g seed) followed by hemp seed oil (1 (0 = 132 mg/10 ت seed) and guna melon seed oil (LCjo = 164 mg/10 g seed).
Open Access
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF EDIBLE PLANT POWDERS OBTAINED FROM PIPER GUINEENSE AND MORINGA OLEIFERA IN THE CONTROL OF THE COWPEA BRUCHID, CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS INFESTING COWPEA SEEDS IN STORAGE
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2012-09-16) Anda, D.A.; Ajayi, Folorunso A.
Two edible plant product powders, West Africa black pepper (Piper guineense Schum and Thorn) and Horseradish (Moringa oleifera Lam) were studied for effectiveness in controlling the cowpea seed bruchid (CSB) Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in the Agronomy Laboratory, Collage of Agriculture, Lafia. A completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments (root–bark, leaf and seed powders) each at three dosage rates of 0.5, 0.75, 1.00 g were admixed with 30 g of cowpea seeds in three replications contained in plastic cups with a lid. Untreated control was also provided. 10 pairs of 3 day old adult C. maculatus were introduced into each plastic container and allowed to mate and oviposit. Adult mortality was taken at 24 hourly for a period of 7 days. Number of eggs laid was taken from 10 randomly selected seeds from each treatment and replicate. The entire plant product powders significantly (p < 0.05) reduced oviposition by C. maculatus. Also, significant (p < 0.05) result was observed in grains treated with seed powders of the two plants. Adult emergence decreased with time among seeds treated with the plant products and increased in time among the seeds without treatment (control). There were however significant differences (p < 0.05) between the edible plant powders and the control treatment at all dosage rates tested. The effectiveness of the seed powders for the two edible plants was significantly higher when compared with the leaf powder and the root bark. Thus, can be ranked as follows: seed powder > root–bark > leaf powder.
Open Access
Comparative Efficacy of Jatropha curcas L. Seed Powder for the Control of Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) on Stored Bambaranut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2015-12-12) Dattijo, S.A.; Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Ibrahim, B.I.; Adaebitan, S.A.; Gurama, U.A.; Garba, M.
The study was to assess insecticidal effectiveness of Jatropha curcas L. seed powder on Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) infesting stored bambaranut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt. The experiment was laid out in a factorial design of 4×2 levels (seed powder at the rates of 0.0, 0.5. 1.0 and 1.5 g, with and without addition of the synthetic insecticide at 0.01 g/20 g bambaranut seed) and laid out in a completely randomized design, in three replicates. Results obtained showed lowest oviposition, progeny emergence and seed damage (5.33, 1.58 and 1.83, respectively) in bambaranut seeds admixed with 1.0 g of the seed. Although, statistically similar to all other treatments, it was significantly (P≤0.001) better than the control treatment in which 33.83 eggs were laid and 24.08 adults emerged from 22.92 emergence holes. In addition, at six (6) days after treatment, highest adult mortality rate (99.17%) similar to that (99.17%) obtained in the synthetic insecticide was also recorded in seeds treated with 1.0 g seed powder. However, all other treatments were also significantly better than the control, in which 72.50% of the introduced bruchids died. Comparatively, lowest rate of seed damage (6.68%) and lasting effect was also obtained with the addition 1.0 g seed powder. In conclusion, appreciable level of protection on bambaranut seeds was achieved using seed powder of J. curcas. Therefore, it is recommended that for effective management of C. subinnotatus infesting bambaranut, farmers could use 5 Kg seed powder on 100 Kg bambaranut seeds.
Open Access
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF SOME BOTANICALS AND CYPERMETHRIN AGAINST COWPEA INSECT PESTS AT THREE DIFFERENT PERIODS OF SPRAYING IN A GUINEA SAVANNA ZONE OF NIGERIA
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2005-11-09) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Mundi, A.D,; Rahman, S.A.
A, study was carried out in 2003 and 2004 rainy seasons to study the efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts (ALE) of neem'wild basil, ecalyptus and Cypermethrin 10% EC on the insect pests causing damage to flowers and seeds of cowpea (IAR 48) in Lafta, located in the Guinea Savanna o f Nigeria. The field was laid out in a randomised complete block design and treatments consisted of one dosage rate (20%/4m2) of botanical pesticides and recommended rate of (3.5 litre/ha) of Cypermethrin 10% EC. Pesticides were applied once per day in the morning or evening and twice per day (both morning and evening) to a total of four sprays. Results showed that the use of Cypermethrin performed significantly (P<0.05) better than any of the botanicals in the two seasons in protecting flowers and seeds from insect pest infestation. Application of ALE o f neem was however, significantly better than wild basil or eucalyptus. Spraying o f pesticides twice in a day conferred a significantly higher (P<0.05) protection to flowers and seeds in the two seasons than spraying only in the morning or evening.
Open Access
CONTACT EFFECT OF Jatropha curcas L. EXTRACTS FOR THE CONTROL OF Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) ON STORED BAMBARA NUT, Vigna subterranea (L.) VERDCOURT
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-03-02) Dattijo, S.A.; Garba, M.; Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Gurama, U.A.; Hauwa, Y.I.
The research was conducted in the year 2017 at the Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Crop Protection, Bayero University Kano to assess insecticidal properties of Jatropha curcas L. leaf and seed powders on Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) infesting stored bambara nut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt. The study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of the product with conventional chemical insecticide (pirimiphos-methyl 2%). Factorial experiment of 2×2×2 levels (leaf and seed powders at the rates of 0.0 and 0.5 g, with and without addition of the synthetic chemical at 0.01 g/20 g bambara nut seed) were laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. Results obtained indicated positive contact effect of Jatropha leaf/seed extracts on adult bruchids. The results also showed strong repellent both singly and combined treatments although better results were obtained on leaf and seed combination with increase with the time of exposure. In conclusion, appreciable level of protection on bambara nut seeds was achieved using seed powder of J. curcas. Therefore, it is recommended that for effective management of C. Subinnotatus infesting bambara nut, farmers could use 1.0 g seed powder on 20 g bambara nut seeds
Open Access
CONTROLLED RELEASE PROFILE OF ESSENTIAL OIL FORMULATIONS USING GAS CH ROM ATOGRAPHY
(Department Chemistry,Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, nasarawa state university keffi., 2008-09-13) Olonisakin, A.; Ajayi, Folorunso A.
Controlled release dust formulations of four essential oils from four different plant species were prepared using different diluent; alumina, bentonite and kaolin with Tween 20 as additive. The releasing profde of the essential oils was assessed using Gas Chromatography by comparing the peak height of the essential oil residue from formulations to that of standard essential oil. The results showed that irrespective of the oil, alumina promoted the reduction of releasing rate of essential oils from formulations than bentonite and bentonite than kaolin formulations. Also the additive, (Tween 20) has a pronounced effect on the releasing profde. There was higher concentration of essential oil on spent formulations of all the formulations that has additive compared to its corresponding formulations without additive.
Open Access
Current Research Concerns and Emerging Technologies in Agriculture, Family, Industry, Health . and Education
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2019-02-02) Ajayi, Folorunso A.
Open Access
Damage by Asphondylia sesame Felt (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae) to Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Variety and Planting Date at Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2013-03-14) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Ogunwolu, E.O.; Adeyemi, M.O.; Jayeoba, O.J.; Sanni, H.
Varietal and planting date effects on damage by the gall midge, Asphondylia sesame, to sesame was investigated in small plot tests conducted at Lafia, Nigeria, in 2007 and 2008. Three dates of planting, July 26, August 3 and August 10, as main plot treatments, and an early-maturing variety [90 days] variety of sesame, E-8, and a late-maturing one [120 days] Yandev-55, as subplot treatments, were replicated four times in randomized complete block design. Over the two years, incidence of galling ranged from 4.2-17.5% (mean = 11.54%) and it explained 66.6% of the variation in seed yield. The earliest- planted plots were the most productive in terms of number of pods (mean = 789.8/5 plants), seed yield (mean = 175.0 kglha), and were the least damaged (4.25% galling incidence). One to two weeks delay in planting caused 22.1-34.1 % reduction in podding, 39.1-45.1 % reduction in seed yield, and it increased galling incidence by 171.8-305.9%. Varietal differences were significant (P0.05). Galling incidence was >2-fold lower and seed yield 1.8-fold higher on Variety E-8 than on Yandev-45. Early planting of E-8 is recommended as a sustainable way of mitigating gall midge damage to sesame.
Open Access
DENUDATION EFFECT OF TERMITARIA AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ASSOCIATED TERMITE SPECIES IN LAFIA NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2014-03-01) Mohammed, Musa; Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Abdullahi, Bawa Jibia
Termite infestation is an important factor in the livelihood of the dwellers in the savanna region of Nigeria. This study evaluates the denudation effect of termitarium and characterization of associated termites’ species in Lafia Local Government of Nasarawa State of Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was administered to 21 farmers at random to access information on the effect of termite infestation on crops, the loss incurred due to termite infestation, the type of crop the farmers grow, the yield of the crop after harvest, farm size, and the total area denuded by termites in the study area. Also representative sample of termites’ species was taken and identified. The respond of the farmers was subjected to simple statistics for analysis, the termite species found include: Odontotermes, Callotermes, Eutermes and Termes species. The mean width and height of termitarium, the mean of farm size were obtained after the analysis. The total area denuded by each termite species was determined after the analysis and it was found that Odontotermes (47.9%) was found to cause larger termitaria than Callotermes (42.9%), Termes, and Eutermes that recorded 4.8%, respectively. Thus, Odontotermes caused more denudation of farm land than other species found in the study area.
Open Access
Diversity and Abundance of Insects in and Around Faculty of Agriculture, Shabu-Lafia Campus of Nasarawa State University, Nigeria.
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-04-30) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Okrikata, E.; Allahnana, A.M.
t The current survey was conducted to give a preliminary inventory on the composition and abundance of insects in and around the shabu-lafia campus of Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria. Sampling were done weekly from dawn to dusk using sweep net and hand picking techniques from the months of April to August 2017. Insect species recovered were identified in the insect museum of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The composition, relative abundance, frequency of occurrence and, some diversity indices were computed. Insect species with relative abundance ≥ 1 % and frequency of occurrence ≥ 25 % were classified as dominant. A total of 243 individuals from 8 orders, 23 families and, 47 species (9 of which were dominant) were recovered. Members belonging to order orthoptera were the most abundant followed by lepidoptera and coleoptera (relative abundance; 57.19 %, 16.05 % and 14.81 %, respectively). Cantatops asthmaticus and Cantatops annulatus were the most predominant insect species. Even though, order orthoptera was the most diverse (Shannon’s index = 2.438); coleopteran had the highest richness index (Margalef’s index = 3.349). The diversity (Shannon’s index = 3.349), richness index (Margalef’s index = 8.374) and evenness index (Buzas and Gibson’s = 0.662) of the study area were all high. Further work need to be done in the study area by expanding the scope and duration of the study area and also, by employing different sampling techniques.
Open Access
EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES ON YIELD AND PROFITABILITY OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP.)
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2008-07-06) Rahman, S.A.; Ibrahim, U.; Ajayi, Folorunso A.
The defoliation of cowpea in the vegetative stage significantly decreased grain yield and profitability, while percent intensity of the defoliation provided the highest grain yield and profit in the cowpea production.
Open Access
EFFECT OF EXTRACTION SOLVENTS ON THE EFFICACY OF Azadirachta indica A. Juss؛" Cannabis sativa L. AND Citrullus colocynthis Schrad SEED EXTRACTS IN REDUCING OVIPOSTON, EGG-HATCH AND ADULT EMERGENCE IN Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 1999-03-03) Lale, N.E.S.; Ajayi, Folorunso A.
Extracts obtained from the seeds of Azadirachta indica, Cannabis sativa and Citrullus colocynthis, using acetone, methanol, ethanol and water as solvents, were assessed for their efficacy in reducing oviposition, egg-hatch and adult emergence in Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). The extracts were applied to cowpea seeds either before or after seed exposure to gravid female bruchids for oviposition. Relative to extract-free control, extracts obtained with acetone, methanol, ethanol and water reduced oviposition on average, by 70.9, 65.0, 79.9 and 21.690, egg-hatch by 77.2, 50.8, 54.5 and 23.7% and adult emergence by 99.9, 68.1, 76.3 and 53.716 respectively. Organic solvent extracts, especially those obtained with acetone, caused significantly higher reductions in oviposition, egg-hatch and adult emergence than water extracts. For each plant seed, the extracts obtained with water performed better on previously uninfested than on already infested cowpea seeds in reducing bruchid populations.
Open Access
EFFECT OF FUMIGATION OF POWDER LEAF AND SEED EXTRACTS OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. ON CALLOSOBRUCHUS SUBINNOTATUS (PIC) ON STORED BAMBARA (VIGNA SUBTERRANEA (L.) VERDCOURT) NUTS
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-11-11) Dattijo, S.A.; Garba, M.; Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Ja'afar, I.A.; Hauwa, Y.I.
The research was conducted in the year 2017 at the Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Crop Protection, Bayero University, Kano to assess fumigation properties of Jatropha curcas L. leaf and seed powders on Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic) infesting stored bambara nut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt. The study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of the products with conventional chemical insecticide (pirimiphos-methyl 2%). Factorial experiment of 2×2×2 levels (leaf and seed powders at the rates of 0.0, 0.5. 1.0 and 1.5 g, with and without addition of the synthetic chemical at 0.01 g/20 g bambara nut seed) were laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. Fumigant toxicity effect was observed on the emerged insects, though the result was significantly (P< 0.001) lower. In conclusion, appreciable level of protection on bambara nut seeds was achieved using seed powder of J. curcas. Therefore, it is recommended that for effective management of C. subinnotatus infesting bambara nut, farmers could use 1.0 g seed powder on 20 g bambara nut seeds.
Open Access
Effect of Grain Breakage and Relative Humidity on The Development of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) Infesting Stored Maize in Lafia, Nigeria
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2018-02-02) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Peter, E.; Amoo, Y.
The effect of five levels of grain breakage at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of 10g grain with control (unbroken grains) were studied on the development of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) under ambient laboratory conditions in Lafia, (08.330N and 08.320E) Nasarawa State Nigeria. In another set up of experiment, different levels of relative humidity generated from boxes measuring 20 x 20 x 20 cm fitted with electric light bulbs with range of 100, 60, 45, 25 watts with Control (no light bulb) were studied to determine the effect of relative humidity on the development of C. ferrugineus. These studies were laid out in a complete randomized design and replicated three times. Data was collected on number of adult mortality and progeny emergence for 20 and 56 days, respectively for both studies following date of infestation. Results of the different levels of grain breakage showed that there was significant difference in the level of grain breakage and the control treatment (P≤0.05). Results showed that maize grains broken at 80 and 100%/10 g of grain had more significantly adult emergence of C. ferrugineus when compared to other levels of grain breakage. The effect of relative humidity on progeny emergence showed that there was significant effect of relative humidity on the population and emergence (development) of C. ferrugineus. Different exposures to RH on C. ferrugineus increased insect mortality as relative humidity decreased. Mortality of up to 100% of C. ferrugineus was recorded at lower relative humidity when compared with the mortality in treatments having lower levels of RH as no emergence was recorded at RH of 18 and 24%. Treatments with high RH recorded high number of emergence as observed at 41 and 47% R.H. while 35% R.H. had the lowest adult emergence. The results of correlation among RH, temperature and mortality of adult C. ferrugineus showed that there were highly significant (P≤0.01) but negative correlations among relative humidity and temperature and mortality of adult C. ferrugineus. The potential of storing grains in low relative humidity environment coupled with low grain breakage is advocated for the management of C. ferrugineus.
Open Access
Effect of insect infestation on nutritional quality of some smoked fish species in Jos, Nigeria
(Department of Agronomy, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2006-01-01) Ajayi, Folorunso A.; Audu, Sambo B.; Usman, Danjuma M.; Keke, Ibeawushi R.; Omorigie, Edosa
An assessment of the effect of insect pest infestation on the nutritional quality of four smoked fish species, Hetero s nttotus, Ciaras garepinus, Oreochromis /10005 0 0 Protopterus annectens markets ■٩١ 0 5 metropolis, north central Nigeria was carried out. The length of time between smoking of all the fish and procurement was between 5 to 7 days. Two insect pests associated with dried fish products; Dermestes maculatus (Degeer) and Necroba rufipes (Degeer) were identified on the procured fish specimens. The levels of crude protein, crude fat, ash and moisture contents of the four fish species were carried out using standard methods of proximate analysis. Proximate analyses were conducted immediately after procurement and after 8-week storage period of the fish samples. Results showed significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the levels of crude protein and crude fat with increasing levels of beetle infestation over an 8-weeks storage period. Clarias gariepinus was significantly more affected (p < 0.05) than the other fish species with values of crude protein reducing from 72.00 to 50.90% for initial and final proximate analysis, respectively. However, the moisture content of the fish samples increased slightly over the 8-week storage period.