Browsing by Author "Abdulrazak, M.H."

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    PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF A. CHEVALIERI HAMS (FABACEAE) STEM
    (Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-12-01) Namadina, M.M.,; Idris, A. M.,; Sunusi, U.; Abdulrazak, M.H.; Musa, F.M.; Olaogun, O.N.; Balarabe, S.; Yakubu, N.; Muhammad, Hassan Sani; Et et.
    Albizia chevalieri Hams (Mimosaceae/Fabaceae), mostly found in the Northern Sahel Savannah region of Nigeria as well as in Nigér and Senegal is a tree of the acacia type with a long list of folklore therapeutic claims that include its use as purgative, taenicidal, cough remedy, dysentery, cancer, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis and snake bite remedy. However, many bacterial species have been reported to develop resistance to antibiotics commonly prescribed for dental infections. Therefore, the need to search for natural products for remedy to this problem cannot be overemphasized. The stem was collected, dried and powdered. The powder was thereafter extracted with distilled water and subsequently with methanol. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. Agar well diffusion, agar dilution and spread plate methods were employed to determine the zone of inhibition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and rate of killing respectively. Phytochemical screening of methanol and aqueous extracts of Albizia chevalieri stem revealed the presence of phenol, alkaloid, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids and carbohydrate as secondary metabolites. The two extracts showed broad spectrum of activity but the aqueous extract had larger zones of inhibition of 32 mm against S. mutans while methanol extract had higher zone of inhibition on S. aureus (24 mm). Low MIC and MBC values ranging from 6.25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml respectively. The results obtained also provided scientific evidence for the use of A. chevalieri in folklore medicine in the treatment of tooth infections
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    Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activities of Vitellaria paradoxa Stem Bark and Root Extracts against Some Clinical Isolates of Respiratory Tract Infections
    (Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-12-11) Namadina, M.M.; Idris, A.M.; Sunusi, U.; Abdulrazak, M.H.; Musa, F.M.; Olaogun, O.N.; Aminu, M.A.; Yakubu, N.; Muhammad, Hassan Sani; Et et.
    Respiratory tract infections continue to be the most frequent and important cause of short term illnesses that compel an individual to seek medical attention both in developing and developed world. It is typically the first infection to occur after birth. Many bacterial species have been reported to develop resistance to antibiotics commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infections. Therefore, the need to search for natural products for remedy of this problem cannot be overemphasized. The methanol and aqueous extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark and root was carried out using cold maceration extraction method. Phytochemical screening was carried out using the standard methods. Agar well diffusion, agar dilution and spread plate methods were employed to determine the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and rate of kill respectively. The two extracts showed broad spectrum of activity but the aqueous extract had larger zones of inhibition ranging from 17 mm – 23 mm and lower M.I.C and M.B.C values ranging from 6.25 mg/ml – 12.5 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening of methanol and aqueous extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark and root showed the presence of phenol, alkaloid, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids and carbohydrate as secondary metabolites. This study has justified the traditional use of Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark and root in the treatment of respiratory tract infection caused by bacteria
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    PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANALGESIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF Securidaca longipedunculata ROOT
    (Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2020-12-11) Namadina, M.M.; Shawai, R.S.; Abdulrazak, M.H.; Makin, T.Y.; Muhammad, Hassan Sani; Adamu, M.M.; Abdullahi, N.A.
    The study aimed at evaluating phytochemical constituents, analgesic and antioxidant properties of root extract of Securidaca longipedunculata. Phytochemical constituents were screened using standard methods. Acetic acid induced writhing test in mice were used to evaluate the analgesic effect, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using the standard method. The extract was found to contain carbohydrate, tannins, glycosides, steroid and triterpenes were detected in both hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts. Alkaloid, flavonoid, saponins, phenol and anthraquinones were detected in the ethyl acetate and methanolic extract but absent in hexane extract. The extract and standard significantly decreased the number of writhes caused by acetic acid. The effects observed at 25mg/kg more than that of 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of the extract. The effect observed in 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg group was comparable to that of the standard. The median lethal dose in rats was found to be above 5000 mg/kg. The half maximal percentage inhibition (IC50) of S. longipedunculata ethyl acetate and n-butanol root fraction was 0.042 μg/ml and 2.77 μg/ml, respectively. The two fractions also scavenged DPPH in a dose dependent manner. The extract was found to possess constituents that may be associated with its analgesic and antioxidant effects observed at doses tested. The present study therefore recommends a further screening to enhance their ultimate application in management of analgesic and oxidative stress-related disorders