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Browsing Articles by Author "Utsua, Terzungwe Peter"
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Item Open Access A CONCEPTUAL DISCOURSE OF THE ARTIFICIAL TECHNIQUES OF EMERGING TROUBLING BIOETHICAL ISSUES IN REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2019-08-14) Utsua, Terzungwe PeterIn African, it is believed that the chief purpose of marriage is to provide a means of perpetrating the continuity of offspring in their communities as an important obligation. The struggle to help childless couples realize their dream of becoming parents triggered scientists to carry out intensive researches on the subject matter of reproductive techniques to assist couples who may need the procedures. The remarkable advancement in the achievement of the techniques in recent times provides a palliative measure as hope is provided for couples by the discovery of suitable techniques to intervene in the problems of infertility. This paper seeks to make a conceptual discourse of the various reproductive techniques in order to help people in decision making who may like to choose a method without depending solely on other people for such a sensitive decision.Item Open Access ETHICAL DISCOURSE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE ON ANIMALS’ RESEARCH AND RIGHTS(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2020-09-17) Utsua, Terzungwe PeterScholars vary in their concept and views concerning research and the fundamental rights of animals in the hands of humankind who have the duty to protect rather than maltreat them. If human beings had chosen a hundred years ago to stop using animals in scientific and medical research, the world would be a very different place today. Many of us are here because we did not die as children, or our parents did not die, from diseases that have been controlled through the knowledge gained from animal research. The biological information that has unlocked the secrets of genetics, shed light on the workings of the brain, and made it possible to understand new diseases like AIDS would not exist. Even the animals that we keep as pets and raise for food would live shorter and less healthy lives, because many of the vaccines and treatments that have become staples of veterinary medicine would never have been developed.This research probes into the question of ethical justification of animals‘ research and how this evokes ethical positions. It engages the ultimate question of what the human ethical responsibility towards non-human animals is, considering that fundamental rights of animals have suffered a great deal in the hands of humankind who rather have the duty to protect them. The research adopted a critical analytic method with which it has evaluated the human treatment of non-humans. Data was collected from the primary source by way of interview and observations and secondary source from text books, journals, internet materials etc. It has discovered that, fundamentally, the true test of human morality consists of the attitudes towards the rights of non-human animal species at our mercy of human. The research engaged critical discourses that bother on the ethical question of relationship and responsibility of human to non-human animal. The research is significant as it could assist in the development of improved animal welfare strategies. This is due to the fact that human health benefits and the tie to human welfare are considered very important. The research recommends that, human beings should ensure they live up to their deserved moral duty and avoid exploitation of animals as permitted in societal processes.Item Open Access ETHICAL EVALUATION OF INEVITABILITY OF AFRICAN MEDICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES IN THE ERA OF COVID – 19 PANDEMIC(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2021-07-15) Utsua, Terzungwe Peter; Audu, Rogers Wodi; Obikwelu, Humphrey K. AkaolisaOver the years, Africans have not just neglected their divinely endowed wealth of knowledge of science and techniques, but they have also failed in the aspect of applying this science and techniques to contemporary issues that affect them both positively and negatively. COVID – 19 pandemic has helped us to see the need for the development of indigenous science and healing techniques using our traditional medicine in health care delivery. Every continent and country is struggling to find contextual remedy that is basically peculiar to them. Since there is no good circulation of orthodox drugs and medical services due to border closures, while, potent vaccine against COVID – 19 is yet to be readily available. This serves as a wakeup call for increasing interest in indigenous medical science and healing techniques to improve our traditional health care delivery not only because of COVID – 19, but for other medical challenges too. We have heard how when western scientific medicine failed to provide effective solution to the problem, herbal medicine rather worked effectively on this novel corona virus with appreciable breakthrough. This paper has evaluated the ethical effects of negligence and stigmatization of African traditional medical practice over the years to essentially seek and provide contextual solution to the various medical challenges affecting African people, such that could be used in the treatment of some diseases ailments such as; cough, fever, headache, poison from bites, skin diseases and other infections, perhaps, because of the techniques used during preparation by the traditional healers. The researcher discovered that, the advancement of orthodoxy healing techniques and globalization have stigmatized and endangered the vitality of the traditional healing techniques which were derived from shrines and sacred places used to provide solution to difficult disease ailments. The paper recommends urgent need for African medical scientist to corroborate with the orthodox trained doctors for application of their medical talents from the two diametrical angles to come up with solution for treatment of different diseases.Item Open Access ETHICAL EVALUATION OF THE HISTORICAL IMPERATIVES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND BIG SCALE INDUSTRIES IN CONTEMPORARY NIGERIA(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2020-08-13) Utsua, Terzungwe PeterThis research is motivated by the wonderful contributions of Science and Technology. Science and Technology have continued to engineer progress in human life. One of the remarkable ways science and technology have been employed and was to facilitate industrialization in the 18th Century Britain in Europe. The industrial expansion was facilitated by the ground breaking of Science and technology which led to industrial boom in the manufacturing of goods and production of services. Science and Technology in the world including Africa is an age long phenomenon. While, Science is the systematic study of anything that can be examined, tested, and verified, it is one of the greatest and most influential fields of human endeavor. Technology on the other hand, is scientific knowledge that is put to practical ends. This knowledge is used in designing machinery, materials, and industrial processes, generally .known as engineering. The concern of this paper is that in recent years, a greater volume of African countries have embraced the western science and technology as a driver of development assimilating African science and technology as though there was nothing like that before. This work is interested in helpful materials to explore the previous African concept of science and technology. Based on its finding, it is discovered that Africans appear to have abandoned their rich indigenous science and technology which has unfolded over the centuries since the dawn of human history like the western science and technology today. The work advanced the need for Africans to revitalize their lost heritage to complement the scientific culture of the west.Item Open Access ETHICAL IMPERATIVES AS PANACEA FOR SUCCESSFUL INDUSTRIALIZATION IN NIGERIA(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2019-05-14) Utsua, Terzungwe Peter; Patrick, Egbeji OduThe motivation of this paper is to explore the concern of humanity within the global community in pursuit of development the third world nations. This concern is pronounced because of the fact that industrialization is one of the vehicles for rapid economic growth in many nations in the world. Nigeria is in dire need of development, and the possibility of this lie on industrialization especially in this era of change. After years of industrial attempts, Nigeria has experienced serious setbacks as a result of lack of maintenance of industrial ethics, hence, the need to re-engineer achievement of rapid industrial development in Nigeria. This work is set to fill the ethical gap to ensure effective industrialization and economic development in Nigeria. Using the exploratory and prescriptive approaches, this work examined the nature of industries and the moral transformation needed for effective industrialization in Nigeria. The paper shows that the industrial sector in Nigeria has suffered setback as a result of the limited moral standard in the system. The work recommends moral transformation industrial sector in order to ginger change that would lead to economic development in Nigeria.Item Open Access ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS AND POLITICAL FREEDOM IN NIGERIA: THE NASARAWA STATE EXPERIENCE(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2013-12-05) Utsua, Terzungwe PeterHuman history generally has been history of conflicts interests and values expressed in varieties of inter and intra-ethnic, religious, class and regional conflicts etc. This school of thought was expressed by Ezeibe (2012) when he quoted Marx and Engels as saying that the history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of conflicts and struggles. Stewart (1987) shares same opinion as rightly captured that; ―conflict be it religious, ethnic or class is impossible to occur unless, there exist incompatibility between the different values, desires or the needs of the people that co-exist‖. Ethno- Religious and Inter-religious conflicts dates back to the constant upheavals which occurred between Judaism and Christianity in the 16th century AD. Each time these crisis occurred, they represented the interest of the ethnic in groups involved as well as the religion they follow. It became more prominent when Christianity rose to become a state religion in Rome during the reign of Emperor Constantine the great in 325 A.D (Ezeibe 2012).Item Open Access EVALUATIONS OF FULANI HERDSMEN/FARMERS CLASHES AND THE WINDOW FOR CREATION OF CATTLE COLONIES IN NIGERIA(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2019-05-19) Utsua, Terzungwe Peter; Burya, A. PhilomenaThis study intends to investigate the menace of Fulani herdsmen crises that has gradually created a window which culminates to the quest for creation of cattle colonies in Nigeria. The study specifically examined the causes of clashes between Fulani herdsmen and farmers and implication on the socio- economic lives of in Nigeria people. The sample of the study consists of selected affected Local Government areas of Nasarawa and Benue States. The researcher has interviewed the affected people to facilitate the study in the collection of data for analysis. Recommendation of the solution to the crisis is duly provided.Item Open Access THE EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN INDIGENOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2015-06-07) Utsua, Terzungwe PeterThe evolution of Science and Technology everywhere in the world including Africa is an age long phenomenon. Science is the systematic study of anything that can be examined,tested, and verified, it is one of the greatest and most influential fields of human endeavor. Technology on the other hand, is scientific knowledge that is put to practical ends. This knowledge is used in designing machinery, materials, and industrial processes, generally .known as engineering. The concern of this paper is that in recent years, a greater volume of African countries have embraced the western science and technology as a driver of development assimilating Africans science and technology as though there was nothing like that before. This work is interested in helpful materials to explore the previous African concept of science and technology. Based on its finding, it is discovered that Africans abandoned their rich indigenous science and technology which has unfolded over the centuries since the dawn of human history like the western science and technology today. The work advanced the need for Africans to revitalize their lost heritage to complement the scientific culture of the west.Item Open Access THE EVOLUTIONOF AFRICAN INDIGENOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2015-10-12) Utsua, Terzungwe PeterAfrican indigenous science and technology like the western science and technology has unfolded since the dawn of human history. According to Shishima, the first evidence of tools used by African ancestors is interred in valleys across Sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, a greater volume of African countries have embraced technology as a driver of development, example of Kenya's Vision 2030 and Rwanda's rapid Information and Computer Technology (ICT) growth (1). Shillington explains that, modern man first developed in the Great Rift Valley of Africa, the first development of tools is found there as well: The Homo habilis, residing in East Africa, developed the first tool making industry, the Olduwan, around 2.3 million BC. Homo ergaster developed the Acheulean stone tool industry, specifically hand-axes, in Africa, 1.5 million BC.Item Open Access THE IMPORTANCE OF AFRICAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND HEALING TECHNIQUES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST COVID – 19 PANDEMIC(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2020-08-20) Utsua, Terzungwe PeterCOVID – 19 pandemic has rekindled the need for the development of traditional healing techniques using traditional medicine in health care delivery. Orthodox drugs and medical services are no longer available due to border closures. This has led to the increasing interest and the interest in herbal medicines not only because of cost of orthodox medicine, but it is simply because herbal medicine has proven to work competitively effective on this novel coronavirus when western scientific medicine failed to provide effective solution to the problem while, traditional herbal medicine is making appreciate breakthrough. This paper examined the contribution of African medical practice essentially as contextual solution to the various medical challenges. This research attempted to address the problems attached to COVID – 19 disease and the stigmatization attached to indigenous medicines used in the treatment of some simple diseases ailments such as; cough, fever, headache, poison from bites, skin diseases and other infections, perhaps, because of the method of preparation used by the traditional healers. Africans can use their medical talents to apply new medicinal trials for diseases like COVID -19. The researcher discovered that, despite the benefits of the advancement of orthodoxy healing techniques, though yet to be found and made available for the treatment of COVID -19, it is also true that globalization has endangered the vitality of the shrines and sacred places that were used for providing solution for difficult issues like this. The research supports the need to redecorate the instrumentality of improving the techniques of the traditional healing heritage among African people. The paper advocates the importance of corroboration between the orthodox and traditional medical techniques with the view of equipping ourselves against emerging contemporary global challenges.Item Open Access INTERROGATING RELIGION AND HUMAN SECURITY IN NIGERIA(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2021-06-14) Tama, Suleiman Samuel; Utsua, Terzungwe PeterThere is a close relationship between religion and human security; that is, issues related to human well being. This is different from security provided by the state. Whereas much attention has been given to violence associated with religious revival, not much has been done in interrogating the relationship between religion and human welfare in Nigeria. Yet religion is a powerful tool that can contribute to human well being and dignity. This work explores the different ways religious groups in Nigeria engage in activities that advance human welfare. This study argues that Nigeria should not underestimate the power of religious organizations as purveyors of human security. Governments overlook both the importance of human security for their populations and the religious groups who could act as allies in securing the welfare of their people. The study offers a variety of theoretical perspectives on the nuanced relationship between religion and human security. With focus on Christianity, the study provides important suggestions to policy makers of how to begin factoring the influence of religion into their evaluation of a population's human security and into programs designed to improve human security in Nigeria.Item Open Access INTERROGATION OF GENDER STERIOTYPES IN THE MORAL ROLES OF TIV MEN AND WOMEN FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS NIGERIA(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2018-08-03) Utsua, Terzungwe PeterThis paper evaluates the contributions of both men and women in the development of Tiv society considering their physical strength and wisdom according to gender roles. Given the physical strength and their natural endowment, the Tiv men work harder than the women. Women are so endowed with the womb, the kitchen and the cradle. This compels the women to work for longer hours than their male counterpart in order to complement each other‘s roles for the development of their families and society. The duty of the husband is to provide food, while the wife makes sure that the food is ready on the table for consumption by the family. She takes care of the entire home, cleaning the house and the environment and prepares the children for school etc. With the vital roles women play in the family, are they recognized and given their rightful place in the Tiv society? This paper examines the basic issues of gender equality in a typical Tiv society. Based on its finding, the paper recommends that customs which discriminate against women be eradicated and all impediments to girl child education in Tiv society be reviewed positively so that women can be empowered in all spheres of life including politics in order to maximize achievement of their potentials for societal development.Item Open Access THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE TECHNIQUES OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION PROCEDURE(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2016-11-10) Utsua, Terzungwe PeterThe paper examines the legal and ethical issues that may arise and the principles that should be considered in the clinic practice for the transfusion of red blood cells and plasma into adults and children. Generally, the legal and ethical principles that apply to the medical transfusion therapy are not different from those applicable to any medical interaction or intervention. The main aim of this work is attempt to maximize good health care delivery with the view of minimizing the risks and complications that may arise as a result of carelessness. Based on its finding the research recommends that, in order to avoid abuse of this very important and sensitive medical procedure, all blood and blood property should be properly screened to ascertain the blood group and Rhesus factor with potential infections before finally transfusing same into the body of the recipientItem Open Access MORAL CONCEPT OF COMMON GOOD IN AFRICAN HUMANISTIC HERITAGE(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2021-07-07) Utsua, Terzungwe Peter; Patrick, Egbeji Odu; Theophilus, John AngbashimAfrican moral humanism advances a morality of human integration that is determined towards the full realization and development of the African human personality for the purpose of achieving common good of individuals in a given African society. Many African communities today have drifted from the moral norms that have kept them together for a long period of time. This has brought untold hardships on the different African societies resulting to wars, killings, cheating, corruption and malicious injustices of various kinds. These all stem on the level of moral decay in our society today, thereby, eroding the long held view of common good among the African peoples. The paper aims at bringing to bare the doctrine of African morality as founded on humanism; the doctrine that considers human interests and welfare as basic to the thought and action of African people. In so doing, the researchers adopted the critical analytical method of research It submits that understanding this doctrine in African moral thought gave rise to the cherished communitarian ethos of the African society. Therefore, since social life, which follows upon our natural sociality, implicates the individual in a web of moral obligations, commitments and duties to fulfill in pursuit of the common good and the general welfare, the paper recommends, that morality and common good should remain our humanistic heritage as African people.Item Open Access Religion and Moral Values in African Religion(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2010-07-16) Utsua, Terzungwe PeterMost human societies are governed by some set of ideas based on their moral values which are always kept at the fore front of human consideration, especially when the expectations of both the individuals and cooperate organizations that constitute the society have to do with behavioral actions which invariably make for harmonious, stable and peaceful communal life. Moral values often influenced the general conduct of the people of a given society and thrive on the fact of obedience and sanctions of recognized authorities in the society. In the case of Africa, there are great diversities in moral values, which cannot be divorced from the basic fact of different cultural orientations, historical legacies and customs. Although moral values may differ from one African society to the other, African religion may be considered to be unified in structure and identical in belief system. This paper shall examine the relationship between African Religion and Morality basis and sources of morality in African religion, some moral values in African Religion and African methods of moral sanctionsItem Open Access TERRORISM AS THREAT TO SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2020-10-13) Utsua, Terzungwe Peter; Oga, Thomas OnaNigeria is faced with the danger of disruptive socio-economic and political forces which have combined to produce opposing contradictions of alarming rate. This is because the inability of the Nigerian government to pursue an authentic developmental agenda in order to provide jobs for the teaming population of young men and women is the reason for the rise and growth of insecurity and terrorism. Terrorism, national security and development are interwoven because the presence or absence of any of them can have adverse consequences in any given society. The contending point here is that government attempts to curb terrorism or promote national security and sustainable development have been frustrated and dysfunctional. The concern of this paper is that there should be a holistic conceptualization ideology driven approach in solving this problem. The paper carefully examines the implications and response of Nigerians to the challenge of terrorism in the context of its socio-political and developmental prospect. We shall proffer suitable recommendations as part of solutions to the issues under reviewItem Open Access THE TIV FAMILYHOOD, PROCREATION AND INFERTILITY(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, KEFFI, 2011-08-12) Utsua, Terzungwe PeterAmong Africans and the Tiv of central Nigeria the chief purpose of marriage is to provide a means for the members of the family to multiply and populate their communities. When a person fails to perform this most important obligation, he is regarded as one of the most miserable members of the family and society. It is in this struggle to help childless couples realize their dream of becoming parents that scientists all over the world have been carrying out intensive researches on the subject matter. Consequently, in recent times, there has been a remarkable advancement in the achievement of science and technology regarding the fertility problem. Today, medical science has provided hope for couples by the use of suitable techniques to intervene in the problems of infertility. This paper seeks to address the Tiv concept of family hood and procreation.