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Browsing Articles by Author "Ayuba, H.K."
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Item Open Access ANALYSTS OF TREE SPECIES PREFERENCE AND REASONS AMONG COMMERCIAL CHARCOAL PRODUCERS IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State State University Keffi, 2021-03-03) Ekpo, Salamatu Abraham; Ayuba, H.K.; Marcus, Nengak DanjumaCommercial charcoal production has over time become an indispensable means of livelihood among rural settlers in Nasarawa State. However, charcoal production involves woodland exploitation which contributes to deforestation. Considering the growing significance of charcoal in rural and urban livelihoods in Nasarawa Slate, this paper analysed the preference of tree species and reasons among commercial charcoal producers in Nasarawa State in view of identifying endangered species and suggesting measures to ensure sustainability of the business. The study employed descriptive survey using both qualitative and quantitative data drawn from primary and secondary sources. Questionnaire was administered to 450 respondents randomly sampled from cornu rcial charcoal producers drawn from 6 communities and 3 LG As of Nasarawa State. Interviews and Focus Group Discussions were also conducted and the data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in Microsoft Excel and SPSS (version 23). A total of 22 tree species were identified as usable for charcoal production in the study area. Investigation into the producers ’ preference of tree species showed that eight (8) were mostly preferred out of which Anogeissus leiocarpus (Marke) (57.3%), Eryt.hrina ■ senegalensis (Madri) (52.2%) and Prosopis Africana (Kirya) (49.1%) were among the top three. Marke, Kirya and Madri were the most preferred species in A/cwanga, Doma and Karu production areas respectively. High charcoal yield,"good combustion quality, high heat content of resulting charcoal, less ash production were the main reasons for their preferences. Most of the preferred tree species have been depleted to the point that they are no longer commonly found for use among commercial charcoal producers in the state. The most endangered species due to commercial charcoal production were Anogeissus leiocarpus (Marke), Erythrina senegalensis (Madri) and Prosopis Africana (Kirya). However, pressure is currently on Teminalia glocosece (Baushe/Uko), Andira inermis (Gwaska), Ficus Spp (Baure), Vitellaria paradoxa (Kede) and Gardinia aqualla (Gaude) due to the difficulties in finding the endangered ones which constituted the most preferred species among producers in Nasar aw a State, it was recommended that state energy policies should incorporate a law*> recognizing charcoal as a key source of energy in the State, thereby encouraging investments in the activity of commercial charcoal producers. Furthermore, conservation plans and practical measures of replacing the extracted trees from woodlands/forests for commercial charcoal production should form the basis for license issuance for charcoal production.Item Open Access Assessment Of Charcoal Processing Technology Used For Commercial Charcoal Production In Nasarawa State, Nigeria(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-03-03) Ekpo, Salamatu Abraham; Ayuba, H.K.; Marcus, Nengak Danjuma; Ogah, Adamu TankoDeforestation and Forest degradation is one o f the major environmental problem ravishing the world today, Charcoal production involves a wholesome dependency on the natural woodlands which contributes to deforestation, leading to the loss o f valuable resources and dangerous interference with the environment. The adverse effect of deforestation is climate change through the release of large amounts of greenhouse gases that fuel global warming. I Charcoal production reduces the bio-productivity o f ecosystems by disrupting the habitats of thousands of species, and gradually transforms forest lands into barren deserts.Item Open Access Spatial Distribution of Commercial Charcoal Production Activities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria(Department of Environmental Management, Nasarawa State University Keffi, 2021-03-03) Ekpo, Salamatu Abraham; Ayuba, H.K.; Marcus, Nengak DanjumaThe Contribution of wood fuel and its derivatives (charcoal) gotten from forested woodlands, to rural economics and the energy requirements of developing nations be underscored. However, the rate of dependence on savannah woodlands for commercial charcoal production (CCP) has exposed the forests to degradation. This paper assessed the spatial distribution of commercial production in Nasarawa State with the aim of enhancing availability of quantitative information about some of its key elements, such as spatial and temporal dynamics of the process.