Thesis and Dissertations

Permanent URI for this collection

https://keffi.nsuk.edu.ng/handle/20.500.14448/5446

Browse

Browsing Thesis and Dissertations by Author "Mathew, Ejiatta Patience"

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF SOAP PRODUCED FROM SHEA BUTTER AND PALMKERNEL OIL MIXTURE WITH SEED HUSK ASH DERIVED ALKALI
    (Department of Industrial Chemstry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2021-06-12) Mathew, Ejiatta Patience
    The research involved the production of soap from melon seed husk ash using shear butter oil (SBO) and palm kernel oil (PKO). Alkali was extracted from the melon seed husk and used for the purpose of soap production. The physicochemical parameters of the oils, the produced and commercial soap were analyzed for ash content, pH, foam stability, texture, moisture content, foam height, foam test, emulsification test and colour using standard methods prescribed by AOAC. The relative density values where 0.89g/ml (SBO) and 0.90g/ml (PKO), sponification value of the oils where; 175.30 mgKOH/g (SBO) and 189.08 mgKOH/g (PKO) while iodine values were 54.0 fe/lOOg (SBO) and 50.72 l2/100g(PKO), The Free fatty acid (FFA) content were 5.39mgKOH/g (SBO) and 1.62 mgKOH/g (PKO), Acid value;11.70 mgKOH/g (SBO) and 3.50 mgKOH/g (PKO). The result obtained compared well with standard value recommended by FAO. The relative density within the range of 0.89 - 0.91 g/ml , sponification value 189 - 199 mgKOFI/g and iodine value 50 - 55 fc/lOOg while the free fatty acid'< 20 mgKOH/g and acid value <30 mgKOHH/g and other reference finding meant for soap production . The soap produced by using the oils at a ratio of 50:50 (SBO: PKO) had very good properties and compared favourably with that of commercial soap. The soap was evaluated using 15 student respondents; the data where analysed using frequency distribution and percentage, the quality of the soap was also evaluated based on colour, odour, lathering ability and texture, it was found that the soap produced is good compared to commercial soap. The result obtained from the physicochemical analysis of the produced soap using shear butter and palm kernel oil ratio (50:50) with purified alkali made from melon seed husk ash was successfully achieved. The study showed significant acceptability of the locally made soap by respondent individuals and for these reason the use of raw materials from vegetable matter should be encouraged for soap production to save the country’s foreign exchange and it possibility of large scale production of this alkali should be evaluated over the high cost of imported alkali.